Phthalates in foods of the mexican basic basket

Los ftalatos de dialquilo son compuestos sintéticos ubicuos empleados principalmente en la fabricación de películas plásticas y contenedores, incluso de alimentos. La FDA en el 2012, estableció un límite máximo permisible del 3% para el Dietil hexil ftalato (DEHP), que es el comercialmente más utilizado para matrices poliméricas de empaques para alimentos. En materia de inocuidad alimentaria, México no cuenta con normatividad en relación a los ftalatos y considerando que la mayor fuente de exposición a ftalatos es por los alimentos, es de gran importancia conocer el impacto de su presencia en los mismos, especialmente los que consumen los niños. Se han reportado que los ftalato producen diversos efectos adversos a la salud como disrupción endocrina, relación con la obesidad, diabetes, daños reproductivos y autismo. Basándose en la canasta básica mexicana 2016 y 2017 (INPC), se identificaron productos alimenticios para la despensa como un referente del consumo mínimo para la población mexicana, se realizó un análisis de estudios realizados en los últimos años (del 2004 al 2018) relativos a la presencia de ftalatos de dialquilo en alimentos. En esta búsqueda se encontraron productos alimenticios que se reportaron con niveles de ftalatos como contaminantes, se agruparon en 6 categorías: a) abarrotes comestibles, b) aves y cárnicos, c) cereales y tubérculos, d) verduras y hortalizas, e) pescados y mariscos, f) salchichonería y lácteos. En los alimentos incluidos en el apartado de salchichonería y lácteos se observaron 7 coincidencias de resultados reportados en 9 publicaciones en 8 países diferentes, mientras que el rubro de las aves y los cárnicos (3 coincidencias de 3 estudios) tienen reporte de ftalatos en 6 países, especialmente en carne de res y de pollo, en los abarrotes comestibles (13 coincidencias de 6 estudios), están reportados en más de 6 países, en especial los alimentos con contenido graso, procesados, empacados y/o enlatados. El rubro de pescados y mariscos (sin coincidencias directas), en estudios realizados en 6 países. Verduras y hortalizas envasadas o empacadas en plástico y/o enlatados, hubo 2 coincidencias de 6 estudios revisados, datos obtenidos en países americanos, europeos y asiáticos. Los alimentos con menor frecuencia de reportes fueron las frutas, cereales, granos y semillas. Los reportes de la presencia de ftalatos de dialquilo en alimentos que se encuentran en la canasta básica mexicana, hace suponer que es probable que exista un riesgo en la población mexicana por el consumo de alimentos contaminados con ftalatos, los reportes de las concentraciones de ftalatos en los alimentos que consumen los mexicanos, son escasos, por lo cual existe la necesidad de realizar estudios para evidencias la presencia de estos compuestos y evaluar el riesgo a la salud de la población por la probable exposició

Phthalates in the diet of Mexican children of school age. Risk analysis

Artículo científicoPhthalates are widely used as plasticizers, additives, or solvents. Its extensive use has generated environmental and food contamination, which implies continuous population exposure. The aim of this work was to determine the probability of health risk of Mexican children exposed to phthalates through the consumption of contaminated food. A survey was applied to 384 Mexican school-age children (between 6 and 12 years old), to find out the type of food they eat most frequently, based on this, a research was made to know the concentration of phthalates contained in these foods. The daily intake had been calculated with the concentration of phthalates reported in food, obtaining: DEHP (19.50 μg/kg body weight/day), DnBP (5.52 μg/kg body weight/day) y for DEP (1.12 μg/kg body weight/day). The hazard index (HI) for DEP y DEHP was 0.49 to 42.5 for internal organs damage reported. HI for reproductive health damage due to exposure to DnBT and DEHP was of 0.04 to 5.58, so that there is a high probability that children’s health is at risk. Therefore, it is necessary to a quantitative analysis of phthalates in food consumed in Latin American countries and establish the TDI of phthalates especially, to DEHP, which was obtained the higher HI.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Organización y adecuación del archivo inactivo de pagaduría de la Universidad del Magdalena

Describe los procesos de organización y adecuación el archivo inactivo de Pagaduría de la Universidad del Magdalena, de acuerdo a los parámetros archivísticos establecidos por el Archivo General de la Nación, para el tratamiento inherente a los documentos. En la ejecución propiamente del proyecto se hizo una selección de la documentación en grupos homogéneos con el fin de garantizar un orden lógico y preciso de la información, acompañado de un proceso de expurgo y descarte de los documentos, consistente en la acción de leer y releer para determinar su valor legal, histórico y administrativo determinando el periodo de conservación, para su respectiva clasificación. Para lograr una mayor conservación de los documentos éstos se depositaron en cajas de archivo inactivo con sus respectivas tapas cada una numerada y con una relación detallada de la documentación que posee. Toda esta información ha sido automatizada en una base de datos en CDSANINISIS, mediante la cual se le garantiza la búsqueda efectiva de los documentos de pagaduría, para dar como producto final un archivo dinámico acorde a las exigencias y necesidades de la Universidad del Magdalena

Glioblastoma on a microfluidic chip: Generating pseudopalisades and enhancing aggressiveness through blood vessel obstruction events

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal tumor types. Hypercellular regions, named pseudo- palisades, are characteristic in these tumors and have been hypothesized to be waves of migrating glioblastoma cells.These “waves” of cells are thought to be induced by oxygen and nutrient depletion caused by tumor-induced blood vessel occlusion. Although the universal presence of these structures in GBM tumors suggests that they may play an instrumental role in GBM’s spread and invasion, the recreation of these structures in vitro has remained challenging. Methods: Here we present a new microfluidic model of GBM that mimics the dynamics of pseudopalisade forma- tion.To do this, we embedded U-251 MG cells within a collagen hydrogel in a custom-designed microfluidic device. By controlling the medium flow through lateral microchannels, we can mimic and control blood-vessel obstruction events associated with this disease. Results: Through the use of this new system, we show that nutrient and oxygen starvation triggers a strong migratory process leading to pseudopalisade generation in vitro.These results validate the hypothesis of pseudo- palisade formation and show an excellent agreement with a systems-biology model based on a hypoxia-driven phenomenon. Conclusions: This paper shows the potential of microfluidic devices as advanced artificial systems capable of mod- eling in vivo nutrient and oxygen gradients during tumor evolution

Impact of recommended maternal vaccination programs on the clinical presentation of sars-cov-2 infection: A prospective observational study

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised questions about the possible cross immunity resulting from common vaccination programs and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the Spanish Obstetric Emergency group performed a multicenter prospective study on the vaccination status of Influenza and Tdap (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine boost administered in adulthood) in consecutive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pregnancy cohort, in order to assess its possible association with the clinical presentation and severity of symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as to determine the factors that may affect vaccination adherence. A total of 1150 SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women from 78 Spanish hospitals were analyzed: 183 had not received either vaccine, 23 had been vaccinated for Influenza only, 529 for Tdap only and 415 received both vaccines. No association was observed between the vaccination status and the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or the severity of symptoms. However, a lower adherence to the administration of both vaccines was observed in the Latin-American subgroup. Based on the results above, we reinforce the importance of maternal vaccination programs in the actual pandemic. Health education campaigns should be specially targeted to groups less likely to participate in these programs, as well as for a future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign.This research was supported by public funds obtained in competitive calls: Grant COV20/ 00021 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Spanish Ministry of Health, and co-financed with Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) fund

Babelomics 5.0: functional interpretation for new generations of genomic data

This article has been accepted for publication in Nucleic Acids Research Published by Oxford University Press.Babelomics has been running for more than one decade offering a user-friendly interface for the functional analysis of gene expression and genomic data. Here we present its fifth release, which includes support for Next Generation Sequencing data including gene expression (RNA-seq), exome or genome resequencing. Babelomics has simplified its interface, being now more intuitive. Improved visualization options, such as a genome viewer as well as an interactive network viewer, have been implemented. New technical enhancements at both, client and server sides, makes the user experience faster and more dynamic. Babelomics offers user-friendly access to a full range of methods that cover: (i) primary data analysis, (ii) a variety of tests for different experimental designs and (iii) different enrichment and network analysis algorithms for the interpretation of the results of such tests in the proper functional context. In addition to the public server, local copies of Babelomics can be downloaded and installed. Babelomics is freely available at: http://www.babelomics.org.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BIO2011-27069], Conselleria d'Educacio of the Valencian Community [PROMETEOII/2014/025]; EU FP7-PEOPLE Project MLPM [316861]; Fundació la Marató TV3 [151/C/2013]. Funding for open access charge: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BIO2011-27069]

Experiencias en la tutorización de enseñanzas técnicas

El PAT en la Escuela Politécnica está abierto a todos aquellos tutores que deseen formar parte del plan y también a todos los alumnos, que, voluntariamente pueden marcar la opción de participar en el plan en la matrícula, y también a aquellos que, a pesar de no marcar la opción en la matrícula, finalmente han decidido seguir el plan de acción tutorial. Esta característica de participación e inscripción voluntaria permite que el trabajo se realice más satisfactoriamente tanto por parte de tutores como por parte de los alumnos, puesto que han decidido seguir el plan por ello mismos y no como una imposición. Con este trabajo nos proponemos presentar nuestras experiencias en el desarrollo de la tutorización de nuestros estudiantes así como la evolución en el desarrollo de la tutorización por pares

Coordinación del Plan de Acción Tutorial en la Escuela Politécnica Superior

Al igual que en cursos anteriores en la Escuela Politécnica se desarrolla, promovido por el Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Formación y Calidad, coordinado desde el Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, el Plan de Acción Tutorial (PAT) el cual está abierto a todos aquellos tutores que deseen formar parte del plan y también a todos los estudiantes, que, voluntariamente pueden marcar la opción de participar en el plan en la matrícula, y también a aquellos que, a pesar de no marcar la opción en la matrícula, finalmente han decidido seguir el plan de acción tutorial. Esta característica de participación e inscripción voluntaria permite que el trabajo se realice más satisfactoriamente tanto por parte de tutores como por parte de los estudiantes, puesto que han decidido seguir el plan por ello mismos y no como una imposición. Con este resumen nos proponemos presentar nuestras experiencias en el desarrollo del PAT de nuestro centro

Non-productive angiogenesis disassembles Aß plaque-associated blood vessels

The human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain accumulates angiogenic markers but paradoxically, the cerebral microvasculature is reduced around Aß plaques. Here we demonstrate that angiogenesis is started near Aß plaques in both AD mouse models and human AD samples. However, endothelial cells express the molecular signature of non-productive angiogenesis (NPA) and accumulate, around Aß plaques, a tip cell marker and IB4 reactive vascular anomalies with reduced NOTCH activity. Notably, NPA induction by endothelial loss of presenilin, whose mutations cause familial AD and which activity has been shown to decrease with age, produced a similar vascular phenotype in the absence of Aß pathology. We also show that Aß plaque-associated NPA locally disassembles blood vessels, leaving behind vascular scars, and that microglial phagocytosis contributes to the local loss of endothelial cells. These results define the role of NPA and microglia in local blood vessel disassembly and highlight the vascular component of presenilin loss of function in AD

Overexpression. of dehydrin tas14 gene improves the osmotic stress imposed by drought and salinity in tomato

[EN] One strategy to increase the level of drought and salinity tolerance is the transfer of genes codifying different types of proteins functionally related to macromolecules protection, such as group 2 of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins or dehydrins. The TAS14 dehydrin was isolated and characterized in tomato and its expression was induced by osmotic stress (NaCl and mannitol) and abscisic acid (ABA) [Godoy et al., Plant Mol Biol 1994;26:1921-1934], yet its function in drought and salinity tolerance of tomato remains elusive. In this study, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing tas14 gene under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter were generated to assess the function of tas14 gene in drought and salinity tolerance. The plants overexpressing tas14 gene achieved improved long-term drought and salinity tolerance without affecting plant growth under non-stress conditions. A mechanism of osmotic stress tolerance via osmotic potential reduction and solutes accumulation, such as sugars and K+ is operating in tas14 overexpressing plants in drought conditions. A similar mechanism of osmotic stress tolerance was observed under salinity. Moreover, the overexpression of tas14 gene increased Na+ accumulation only in adult leaves, whereas in young leaves, the accumulated solutes were K+ and sugars, suggesting that plants overexpressing tas14 gene are able to distribute the Na+ accumulation between young and adult leaves over a prolonged period in stressful conditions. Measurement of ABA showed that the action mechanism of tas14 gene is associated with an earlier and greater accumulation of ABA in leaves during short-term periods. A good feature for the application of this gene in improving drought and salt stress tolerance is the fact that its constitutive expression does not affect plant growth under non-stress conditions, and tolerance induced by overexpression of tas14 gene was observed at the different stress degrees applied to the long term. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through grant AGL2009-13388-C03 and by the Council of Science and Technology from the Region of Murcia (Spain) (Fundacion SENECA) through grant 04553/GERM/06.Muñoz Mayor, A.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; García Abellán, JO.; Antón Martínez, MT.; García Sogo, B.; Sánchez Bel, P.; Flores, FB.... (2012). Overexpression. of dehydrin tas14 gene improves the osmotic stress imposed by drought and salinity in tomato. Journal of Plant Physiology. 169(5):459-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2011.11.018S459468169